Smoking Cause And Effects Essay - 1269 Words

Smoking is very dangerous, and it has many effects on the health of people. The correlation between smoking and numerous diseases is very high. Throughout the paper, numerous effects are discussed. The change that smoking causes in people’s moods can lead to addiction. Addiction leads to an increased intake of chemicals. The chemicals that are in cigarettes are linked to numerous diseases. The toxic chemicals, such as arsenic and cyanide, are not healthy to ingest. They can potentially lead to atherosclerosis, which can cause strokes and heart diseases. Also, smokers often develop a persistent cough because of the toxic chemicals. These chemicals are also thought to damage DNA, which can lead to different types of cancer. It is concluded†¦show more content†¦One effect of smoking is a change in mood. This mood change comes from an increase of dopamine. Nicotine has an impact on the levels of dopamine in the brain. After inhaling the nicotine, the number of neurotransm itters, such as dopamine, in the brain increases. When the levels of dopamine increase, people experience great pleasure. According to Severson (2017), as the reward pathways in the brain are continually used, they begin to require more dopamine to continually enhance mood (Severson, 2017). While being in a good mood may seem like a positive effect of smoking, it actually leads to something worse: addiction. If one is addicted to nicotine, then the effects of discontinuing nicotine use become that much more severe. The disuse of nicotine lowers the amount of dopamine in the brain. This lowering of dopamine causes the person to crave nicotine. If this craving is not fulfilled, the body goes into a withdrawal. The individual’s mood changes rapidly, and he or she is often more irritable (Severson, 2017). Another effect of smoking is developing a chronic cough. Smoking causes the chronic cough by causing mucus to develop on a person’s airway. From the build-up of mucus, a smoker develop’s a nagging cough. The body is trying to keep the mucus from entering the lungs. Also, chronic cough is sometimes caused by lung diseases that could be caused by smoking (â€Å"ChronicShow MoreRelatedSmoking Causes and Effects Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking has become a trend in today’s world, even though people know how harmful it is. Smoking causes are obvious it will ruin your health and give you series of health issues. In America 85% teenagers first start smoking from the age of fifteen and sixteen, smoking tobacco is really addicting. Smoking causes heart diseases, blood pressure, series of cancers such as, lung cancer, mouth cancer and throat cancer. I have noticed that many people in my relatives who smoked all their youth quit smokingRead More The Causes and Effects of Smoking Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes and Effects of Smoking Scientists and health officials have been arguing the detrimental effects smoking has on our health for many years. Smoking can lead to serious complications including asthma, pancreas, lung and stomach cancer due to the large number of carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other various substances added to it. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Although smokers claim that it helps them toRead MoreCause and Effect on Smoking Cigarettes Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is Unhealthy for Everyone Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to the body for many reasons, and it also affects not only human beings but our environment. Smoking cigarettes can be harmful to both the environment and humans because of the many chemicals and substances that produce this hazardous product. Smoking cigarettes reduces your ability to do things that require endurance, such as sports, and exercise. The tar in the cigarettes covers up alveoli, which help you breathe, which makesRead MoreCause And Effect Essay About Smoking880 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that smoking has an impact on your health and can affect your whole body? The number one cause of disease and death worldwide is smoking, which claims more than 480,000 American lives each year. Every day more than 3,800 children in the US under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette, not knowing the risks they are taking. Every year, around half a million Americans die at a young age due to smoking or secondhand smoke with another sixteen million living with a serious illnessRead MoreThe Effect of Smoking on Health Essay example670 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effect of Smoking on Health â€Å"Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 4,000 chemicals in the form of gases, particles or both. When you inhale cigarette smoke, dozens of harmful substances enter your lungs and spread through your body. They can reach your brain, heart and other organs within 10 seconds of the first puff.† (Winstanly. M et al 1995) Tobacco is a plant which has been grown over thousands of years upon which many scientific experiments haveRead MoreEssay on Smoking: Hazardous to Your Health894 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking: Hazardous to Your Health A about two weeks ago I read an essay called, â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦?† by Peter Brimelow. This essay’s main point tries to explain how smoking can be beneficial in some ways. Brimelow’s essay claims smoking can help while driving. Brimelow also thinks smoking can help protect personal freedoms along with benefiting health in some ways (141). Nonetheless, cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the UnitedRead MoreThe Cause of Poverty in Mexico1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Causes of Poverty in Mexico | |[pic] |Are you aware that 20 million people in Mexico live on less than two dollars a day? Sixty million people, half the Mexican | |population, live in poverty, and 20 million of them live in extreme poverty. Most of the time, garbage is their food, and some | |days, they don’t even eat anything. This critical situation in Mexico is caused by individual, geographic and political factors. | |The purpose of this essay is to analyze these three main causesRead MoreThe Dangers Of Tobacco And Tobacco1084 Words   |  5 Pagesillnesses than any other source, smoking and tobacco use is the single largest source of preventable deaths in the world. There have been many attempts at controlling smoking in America which not only harms the user but also the people around them. None of the attempts have succeeded fully so far. This essay will show why by providing evidence and history about smoking and tobacco use and analyzing current actions or rather inactions addressing this problem; this essay will explain the nature of thisRead MoreLifestyle And The Environment Factors That Affect People s Health779 Words   |  4 Pages This essay will describe the lifestyle and the environment factors which affect people s health. Lifestyle factors have considerable effects among people, it affects the health of people and it causes many social and biological consequences, such as an alcohol consumption and smoking. It has been evidence that people who are smoking, they are more vulnerable to the respiratory tract and cancer diseases. Firstly, the burden of morbidity and mortality are related to the harmful effects of alcoholRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Should Be Banned1012 Words   |  5 PagesWith no doubt, it is almost common knowledge that smoking cigarettes can bring numerous negative effects. Because of this, many laws and regulations have been brought up to ban smoking. Despite all the positive effects from abstaining to smoke, many people are still against smoking bans. The critics of these laws, see it as an example of the government interfering in people’s lives. Ultimately, there is no right or wrong to this issue. It comes down to balancing the rights of the non-smoker to breathe

The Characteristics Of Heroism - 1181 Words

Heroism†¦ Today? Heros†¦ In today’s society? A hero is a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Fictional characters can be heroes, but they aren’t real and have unrealistic character traits. Modern day heroes can portray any unique traits. They can’t fly, and they don’t have super strength, but they are good at heart and want nothing but good for everyone. So yes, hero’s do exist in today’s society, and many are very selfless. Fame and wealth dont affect people’s ability to perform heroic acts. Apple was one of many who donated money to the victims of the hurricanes. â€Å"Tom Cook took a moment to discuss Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Harvey, which is company has given more than $ 10†¦show more content†¦In this situation, â€Å"teenagers† who usually get bad reputation got out of the limo and helped the family who had been in a car accident, and bloodied their dresses and suits. They proved that not all teens are immature and are able to get their job done. The students showed that they are noble and stepped up to become heroes to the passengers and to the world. Although it is their occupation, soldiers are selfless and ready for combat. No one person knows how long war will last. The United States of America has been participating in the Afghanistan War for 16 years. â€Å"On October 7, 2001, less than a month after the September 11 attacks, US President George W Bush launches operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, after the Taliban refuses to hand over al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. In a matter of weeks, the US-led forces to overthrow the Taliban, in power since 1996. Apart from air raids, the US backs the Afghan Northern Alliance, which is fighting the Taliban, contributing paramilitary teams from the CIA and special forces.Some 1,000 American soldiers are deployed on the ground in November, rising to 10,000 the year after.† Soldiers get deployed not knowing when they will come home or if they will even come home. They don’t enroll in the army just to say that they did, they enroll because they want to defend their country and fight for their rights as a U.S.Show MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Heroism In Beowulf857 Words   |  4 PagesHeroism Essay What really defines a hero? Beowulf has been known as one of the greatest heroes in Anglo Saxon history: Strong, brave, and a great leader who will lay his life down for his people. Heroes now, show many of the same qualities, but can come in many different shapes and sizes, some even in the shape of a kitchen sponge. Beowulf’s stories depict epic quests across new and foreign lands. He goes on these quest either to keep his people safe from monster, or earn fame and glory throughoutRead MoreHeroism Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout today’s society in abundance.   I define heroism as,   Ã¢â‚¬Å" The qualities or attributes of a hero† (dictionary).   Some examples of heroism can be doctors saving an individuals life or me saving a random person’s life.   I define heroism as someone who places others before   him/ herself.   Heroism appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch; His/ her willingness to help others makes up a hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I most commonly associate heroism with placing others first and performing the actRead MoreHeroism1281 Words   |  6 PagesINSTRUCTIONS: What characteristics from Emerson’s Heroism are most necessary for defeating a monster like Grendel? Use the Option B Writing Organizer to collect your thoughts before writing. THE QUESTION: What characteristics from Emerson’s â€Å"Heroism† are most necessary for defeating a monster like Grendel? THE CHART: Use this chart to organize the information you have learned in Emerson’s essay. For help answering the question, also use the notes you took while reading Beowulf. YouRead MoreHeroism: Hero and Ar Te1442 Words   |  6 PagesHeroism is a quality many aspire to but few achieve. Depending on the current culture and view of a particular society the definition of what it means to be a hero varies. Greek culture shared many values and ideals throughout all of its cities. However, some differences can be seen in cities such as Athens and Sparta. The readings from Homer, Xenophon, Aristophanes, and Thucydides explain the Greek ideals about heroism. While the religious groups of Christians, Muslims, and Jews shared someRead MoreReview Of Euripides 1, Alcestis And The Medea1078 Words   |  5 Pagesthey share a common theme, which is heroism. In the play, the two main characters who are females, show a sign of heroism and honor. In addition, both of their husbands named, Jason and Admetus, show dishonor in the scenes, that are the cause of their misfortune In results, in Greek heroism and honor, comes with great sacrifices, hidden emotion, yet in the 21 century, heroism is looked upon differently. In the play â€Å"Alcestis,† Alcestis shows great Greek heroism and honor, despite that she has childrenRead MoreHeroism in Beowolf and The Canterbury Tales1032 Words   |  5 Pages Heroism Heroes are found in every work of art. Whether it is in the television shows we watch, the movies we go to see, the poems and stories we learn about, the books we read, there is always someone or something defined as the hero of that piece. Is the hero always the good guy who defeats the evil? Or is it something more, something more meaningful. Not every story line has a good vs. evil and not every story has a defined l hero, but does that mean there is not heroism in those works? HeroismRead MoreOdysseus Heroism in The Odyssey Essay584 Words   |  3 Pagesshould be considered a hero. He put his own life in jeopardy to protect his men from the supernatural threats that they faced throughout their journey. Odysseus should be regarded as a hero because he is brave, clever, and cautious. Odysseus shows his heroism through his bravery. When Circe turned his men into swine, Odysseus confronted her: I drew my sharpened sword and in one bound held it against her throat(Circe, the Enchantress lines 54-55). Odysseus is not afraid to face individuals with powerRead MoreThe Book Of Exodus, By Abraham Moses And Power Of God866 Words   |  4 Pages The Book of Exodus is the story of the Israelite’s escape from slavery through the leadership of Moses and power of God. Moses demonstrates numerous heroic characteristics throughout the Book of Exodus as he leads the Israelites to freedom. As defined by Professor of Classics at Rutgers University Lowell Edmunds, a hero is â€Å"a man, often of divine ancestry, [and] favored by the gods.† In addition, Edmunds continues the definition of a hero as one who is â€Å"endowed with great courage and strength†¦especiallyRead MoreActs of Heroism Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesWhat makes the acts of heroism different from the daily life of others? To people the act of heroism can be from their favorite sports player or an actor. But, to some they could be there family member. Each heroic act in the society is faced with great challenges but the hero never backs down. In addition, heroic acts have many different purposes in our society. The acts of heroism are considere d as an inspiration to others and a reference but, it takes certain attribute such as courage and selflessnessRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad, Heroism801 Words   |  4 Pages​In Homer’s Iliad, heroism plays a major role in the two idols the reader will side with; Achilles or Hector. Society’s image of a hero demands for an altruistic, strong, and compassionate figure, but Homer refutes this idea of a hero. Homer’s Iliad demonstrates that in a realistic society, there is no such thing as a complete hero, and that true heroism does not exist. ​Achilles, the Achaean trophy soldier, was the creation of a mortal named Paleus and of a Goddess named Thetis. Because of his immortality

Investigation in Microtubule Dynamic Instability Free Essays

Title: Investigation in microtubule dynamic instability Introduction Microtubules are important for maintaining cell structure, intracellular transport, formation of mitotic spindle, as well as other cellular processes. Investigation of dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly allow us to understand the malfunction of mitotic spindle formation or other cellular processes. This experiment is divided into two parts; we are going to find out the critical parameters for achieving greatest average length of microtubules in part one and achieving the greatest number of microtubules in part two. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation in Microtubule Dynamic Instability or any similar topic only for you Order Now Principle In this experiment, we used a simulation programme to explore how various factors change the way microtubules grow out from centrosome, and the shrink back. Growth rate, shrink rate, catastrophe rate, rescue rate, release rate, minus end end depolymerization rate, nucleation rate and nucleation site are the factors we can adjust to see how them affects the average length and number of microtubules. The simulation time acceleration is set to 5x real time. Each time a parameter is varied and others are controlled factors. The record is taken when the simulation has reached steady state and graphs are plotted. Results Part1 – How to achieving greatest average length of microtubules Fixed parameter| Shrink rate| Catastrope| Rescue Release| MED| Nuc rate| Nuc sites| Variable Growth rate| 0. 263| 0. 042| 0. 064 0. 024| 0. 8| 0. 02| 180| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Mean| 0. 14| 32. 9| 21. 12| 23. 93| 23. 95| 27. 54| 25. 888| 0. 16| 33. 19| 36. 82| 32. 5| 28. 83| 30. 15| 32. 298| 0. 18| 29. 79| 39. 11| 41. 19| 40. 8| 31. 54| 36. 486| 0. 2| 40. 77| 41. 19| 45. 94| 38. 28| 47. 66| 42. 768| 0. 22| 38. 6| 47. 49| 48. 53| 48. 55| 47. 96| 46. 238| 0. 24| 42. 25| 45. 31| 45. 25| 46. 81| 40. 95| 44. 114| Table1 Figure1 Fixed parameter| Growth rate| Shrink rate| Catastrop/ Release| MED| Nuc rate| Nuc cites| Variable Rescue| 0. 12| 0. 263| 0. 042 0. 024| 0. 8| 0. 02| 180| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| mean| 0. 084| 23. 76| 22. 77| 26. 56| 30. 78| 25. 12| 25. 798| 0. 104| 18. 88| 19. 07| 17. 82| 20. 08| 17. 55| 18. 68| 0. 124| 19. 96| 16. 69| 17. 37| 19. 37| 22. 38| 19. 154| 0. 144| 21. 34| 19. 53| 20. 54| 21. 44| 21. 95| 20. 96| 0. 164| 20. 65| 18. 76| 21. 76| 16. 33| 19. 73| 19. 446| Table2 Figure 2 Discussion Each free tubulin dimer contains one tightly bound GTP molecule that is hydrolyzed to GDP after the subunit is added to a growing microtubules. When polymerization is proceeding rapidly, tubulin molecules add to the end of the microtubule faster that the GTP they carry is hydrolyzed, and the microtubule growth. [1] Varied the growth rate and kept other factors constant, the average length of microtubules should always increase. However, the average length of microtubules rises as growth rate increase from 0. 14 to 0. 22Â µm/sec and stop increasing at 0. 2Â µm/sec. It tends to level off rather than increase at 0. 22Â µm/sec. It means the growth rate is no longer the limiting factor. Some factors other than growth rate, may be the rescue rate, limited the increase of the average length. Rescue rate is the rate at which a shrinking microtubule switches to growing state. We assume the greatest rescue rate, the more the microtubules undergo polymerization. So that the proportion of growing microtubules would increase and the average length rise. Instead of increase, the average length of microtubules drops from 0. 084 to 0. 104Â µm/sec. Increase the rescue rate may trigger the mechanism that lowers the average length of microtubules. It remains at around 20Â µm from 0. 104 to 0. 164Â µm/sec means that that there is no correlation between rescue rate and the average length beyond a point among 0. 084 and 0. 104Â µm/sec. Part2 – How to achieve the greatest number of microtubules Fixed parameter| Growth rate| Catastrop| Rescue Release| MED| Nuc rate| Shrink rate| Variable #nuc site| 0. 12| 0. 042| 0. 064 0. 024| 0. 8| 0. 02| 0. 263| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| mean| 180| 47| 65| 42| 57| 68| 55. 8| 200| 70| 77| 66| 53| 68| 66. | 220| 71| 73| 86| 70| 68| 73. 6| 240| 82| 88| 85| 81| 84| 84| 260| 90| 93| 80| 81| 84| 85. 6| 280| 87| 107| 100| 97| 91| 96. 4| 300| 90| 101| 110| 92| 96| 97. 8| Figure3 Fixed parameter| Growth rate| Shrink rate| Catastrop| Rescue Release| MED| Nuc cites| Variable nuc rate| 0. 12| 0. 263| 0. 042| 0. 064 0. 024| 0. 8| 180| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| mean| 0. 02| 62| 57| 49| 54| 50| 54. 4| 0. 04| 95| 107| 85| 80| 86| 90. 6| 0. 06| 103| 110| 107| 113| 114| 109. 4| 0. 08| 120| 99| 112| 113| 115| 111. 8| 0. 1| 124| 134| 126| 116| 113| 122. 6| 0. 12| 120| 131| 130| 119| 136| 127. | 0. 14| 136| 128| 127| 130| 136| 131. 4| Table4 Figure4 Discussion Centrosomes contain ring-shaped structures formed from ? -tubulin, and each ? -tubulin ring serves as the starting point, the nucleation site, for the growth of one microtubule. The nucleation site acts as a preexisting microtubule structure for -tubulin dimers assembly. [1] We assume the more the nucleation site, the more the microtubules present. According to table3, the number of microtubules is always increasing with the number of nucleation site. There is no sign of level off or decline of the curve. It always is the limiting factor of the number of microtubules. The nucleation rate is the rate at which new microtubules are nucleated at the centrosome. The number of microtubules should be raised if the nucleation rate increase since new microtubules generated. Indeed, the number of microtubules is raised as the nucleation rate increased. From 0. 02 to 0. 06Â µm/sec, the increase of microtubules is sharp and starts to slow down afterward. The trend shows that the curve would level off at certain level eventually. It means there are some factors other than nucleation rate control the number of microtubules. The number of nucleation site may be the limiting factor as all nucleation sites are occupied by the microtubules, so that no new microtubules generated. Limitations In actual cell, the number of tubulin dimer is limited. This factor is not shown in this simulation programme. The temperature and the pH may affect the configuration and polymerization of the microtubules. There are some microtubules not attached to the centrosome, but present in cilia and flagella. It is not clearly stated by the simulation programme whether these microtubules is counted. Conclusions Besides the growth rate, there are other limiting factors controlling the average length of microtubules. We cannot achieve the greast average length of microtubules by consider growth rate is the only factor. We found that we should keep the rescue rate at 0. 084Â µm/sec or below. Also, more information about the rescue rate below 0. 084Â µm/sec should be obtained. Both nucleation site and nucleation rate are the factors controlling the number of microtubules. But the nucleation site is more critical than the nucleation site. The above show the nucleation rate is restricted by other factors but the nucleation sites does not. We should examine another set of data by varying the nucleation rate with more nucleation site. If the plateau of new obtain curve is above the original curve, nucleation site is limiting factor of the number of microtubules. Similar experiment should be established with different combination of parameters in order to obtain the best curve. In short, there is not enough information for us to draw conclusion for how to achieve the greatest average length and greatest number of microtubules unless we obtain more data. Reference 1. Alberts et al,. (2010) Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Garland Science, p. 579-580 How to cite Investigation in Microtubule Dynamic Instability, Papers

Communication and Consultation Lead & Manage Effective Workplace Rela

Question: Discuss about the Report for Lead and Manage Effective Workplace Relationships of Communication and Consultation. Answer: Introduction In order to manage effective workplace relationships it is very important for an employee to reinvent himself in the current workplace. It is important to maintain a positive attitude and respect diverse values and perspectives. In order to maintain relationship in the workplace, it is the responsibility of an individual to encourage others to share problems related to work and to help them. A good work relationship is beneficial as working in the organization becomes more enjoyable and the employees becomes more creative and innovative. [1] The report highlights the issues of policy conflicts in the organization. JKL industries have some cultural issues, which affects the work performance of the employees. The new manager has to resolve the issues. In order to resolve the issue, the manager has to use emotional intelligence. Rigid organizational culture creates discrimination among the co-workers. Discrimination in the organization creates communication gap in the organization. The report mentions previous experience of the manager in this respect. The second answer is about confrontation with the team in the meeting. The manager has responsibility to convince the team member and the employees about the values of dynamic culture in the organization. The manager takes assertive communication style to resolve the issue. The answer highlights different types of networking in a business and their implications. A networking plan is developed to analyze the scenario. The networking plan consists of networking activities, time schedule and rationale of the activities. Part A JKL industries is an Australian owned company that mainly sells forklifts, small trucks as well as spare parts to industry. The company also delivers value to customers as well as investors through their highly trained, motivated and professional workforce. Head office of JKL industries is located in Sydney. JKL industries have negotiated the sales rights to a range of medium and large trucks after being in a business that mainly dealt with forklifts and small trucks. In other words, JKL industries changed into an overseas supplier. The company is mainly looking forward to increase their market share in selling. As a result, structure of the organization needs to change to incorporate these big changes. These changes are likely to cause problems in the organization, as it will involve huge cost. Communication and consultation are essential in an organization as it helps to develop people in an organization. A good communication and consultation is central to the management process. Without communication and consultation, the issues that were faced by the organization were that it lacked an overarching approach to information management. It also faced slow responses to internal and external customer needs. Communication and consultation is also needed to avoid poor sense of employee engagement and responsibility for work performance. The main role of the communication consultant is to put in place the right communication plan with the adapted media. They are also responsible for developing a message that is required for various phases of the project. [2] Business and strategic planning of JKL industries includes its mission and vision. The mission of the company is to deliver value to its customers as well as investors with the help of their highly skilled and motivated workforce. The vision of the company is to develop and unlock the potential of its customers. JKL has mainly developed strategic and operational plan to drive and direct business over the next five years. Strategic Plan of JKL is to become the leading supplier of forklifts as well as medium and large size trucks. [3]The operational plans are as follows: JKL will enlarge obtainable braches to incorporate the sale of medium and large trucks within 12 months. JKL will depart from the rental market and shut the rental division within the next 18 months. JKL will continue the selling of forklifts and enlarge their share of market by 7 percent within the next 12 months. JKL also propose its operational plan to comprehend strategic objectives. The main characteristic of its operational plan includes human resources, physical and financial resources as well as performance management. The primary objective of the organization is to be solution-oriented as well as focused on the requirements of customers. The main stakeholders of JKL are its clients and customers. [4] (a) The three most important communication objectives are as follows: Increased productivity With the help of good communication skills, an organization will be able to anticipate problems and co-ordinate workflow. A good communication will help to develop relationships and promote commodities and services. Stronger Decision-Making The ability to communicate effectively will increase productivity in the organization.[5] Strong Business Relationships With the help of effective communication skill, the impression about the company can be enhanced. Without an effective communication, individuals tend to misunderstand each other as well as misinterpret information. This leads to failure of ideas among the employees. (b) The communication strategies for work teams to meet organizational needs are as follows: Clearly communicate goals and objectives with every department: An effective communication strategy will help the work teams to have a clear understanding of the aims of the company as well as the mission. When work teams feel more engaged to the company, they are more likely to communicate openly with other workers. [6] Strengthen company Communication: Work team communication can become more effective between phone calls, emails as well as text messages. Communication can be strengthened if the company communication can take place in a single location. Allow everyone to contribute: Top-down communication strategies can leave some workers feeling detached. This can be avoided by allowing open communication among all workers. This will help the team workers to meet organizational goals. Information should always be available: To meet organizational goals by efficient communication strategy, it is important to make information available at all time. The communication strategies for individual employees to meet organizational needs are as follows: Inclusive communication strategy: An inclusive communication strategy should be employed in an organization for individual employees to meet organizational needs. This strategy invites all the members to become a part of a decision taken by the company. Interaction process should be result-oriented: An effective communication should be result-oriented. In other words, it should focus on obtaining productive results to the organization. (c) The two methods of communication are as follows: Verbal Verbal communication is the most effective communication that involves the use of words in delivering the intended message. The two most important forms of verbal communication involve both oral and written communication. Written communication involves documentation done with pen and paper. On the other hand, oral communication is a form of verbal communication that involves formal communication such as lectures. [7] Visual Communication In todays world, visual communication is the most important form of communication. JKL will make communicate with the help of visual aids such as graphic design. [8] (d) It is the responsibility of the management to consult with the employees regarding the health and safety matters. The management should consult the employees by the introduction of the measures that will substantially affect their health and safety at work. It is the duty of the management to give training to the employees regarding health and safety. Information about pay and conditions of employment is indispensable to all employees. Management is required by law to provide employees written statements identifying the main contractual details within two calendar months of the beginning of employment. Some contracts of employment include vital terms and conditions additional to those that must be set out in written orders. Management is required by law to provide the employees enumerated pay statements whenever payments are made. Figure: Grievance procedure (Source: Created by Author ) Portfolio Communication Type Description Outcome Verbal Communication Sales Consultants The first type of communication will be both oral and written that will include face to face conversation Non-verbal communication Operation Manager The communication with operation manager will include non-verbal communication as there is always a distance between the employees and managers Visual Communication Managing Director Managing directors are mainly communicated with visual communication strategy that involves video calls. Management feedback The feedback that is provided by the management to the employees are as follows: Employees face inadequate consultation that results in risks. As a result, Communication and consultation are, needed that will avoid poor sense of employee engagement and responsibility for work performance. The employees face problems related to inadequate communication. It is very important to implement a transparent communication so that the workers feel free to communicate. There is a lack of overarching approach to information management. The management had identified poor general awareness among the employees. As a result, the code of conduct of the company should be transparent to all the employees. 2. Analysis of two policies that creates conflicts As per the complaint of the employee, there are no incentives among some other employees of JKL industry to accommodate non-Christians in the Christmas celebration. This scenario indicates presence of rigid culture in the organization. Among the several policies, two important policies that influence the conflicts are resistance to change and avoidance of conflicts. Management team of JKL industry has low emotional intelligence as per case study. Emotional intelligence has two aspects such as personal competence and social competence. Personal competence needs self awareness and self management to manage a team. Social competence of a manager requires social awareness and skill of relationship management. Social competencies of a manager require capability to interpret the behavior of the employees and team member. Due to lack of this skill, the management team avoids any conflicts arises in the organization. [9] The unresolved problem creates communication gap among co-workers and also between employees and management. If the racial discrimination faced by the employees are not resolved at time, this may increase dissatisfaction of the employees and increases turnover in the company. Cultural distance among the employees resists the collaboration among the team members. Lack of collaboration affects the share of knowledge and creative ideas among the team members. Relevant legislation Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) is applicable to mitigate religion discrimination in the work place. Racial discrimination Act 1975 can also be applied to resolve conflicts. These laws prohibit unfairness in the work place. [10] Implication of effective policies Following the policies of Human rights service department of Australia, the first requirement to bring diversity is to respect everyone in the workplace. As a manager, the policy would be motivating the employees to accept diversified culture. One of the objectives of Australian government is the cultural inclusion in work force. When employees have different values and different cultural background, punitive action may be detrimental. Therefore, the management team can take supportive training to increase knowledge about cultural diversity. In order to handle this situation, the manager needs to play a role of leader, who can establish a high valued culture in the organization. Implementation of zero tolerance policy in the event of discrimination may be effective. Changes in policy in JKL industries and suggestions to resolve the issues When the non Christian employees are excluded in Christmas celebration, the management team needs to communicate directly with the employees who are showing rigid behavior. Passive aggressiveness is reflected in the exiting culture of JKL industries. In order to mitigate the cultural distance and passive aggression, the new manager can organize an open discussion forum, where employees of different cultural background can take part and share their views about own culture and others culture. This can change the perception of employees of JLK industries showing passive aggression. Moreover, reward system for the employees, who behave well with other employees irrespective of cultural background, may be effective. At the time of recruitment, the HR department can sign an agreement with the employees to show decent behavior in the work place. Problems coming from the team The resistors believe always in home culture. Therefore, they may be unwilling to take part in the meeting. The narrow belief of the employees is hard to remove. Other members of the management team may resist the procedure. They may behave aggressive attitude and walk out from the meeting. Rigid thought restricts them to accept the good aspects of cultural diversity. [11] Confrontation with the team In order to handle the aggressive behavior of team member and other employees, the manager can take a strong leadership position. The manager can highlight some examples of organizational failure due to having rigid cultural practice. They needs to be motivated about the fact that professional skill and knowledge is more important in an organization compared to rigid cultural practice. The manager can set an organizational goal such an expansion of business in the international market. In order to achieve the goal, cultural diversity is very much important. Examples of organisational success of Giant firms in the world due to having dynamic work culture can motivate the team member. Communication style The default communication strategy of the manager is assertive styles of communication. The manager wants to retain this style in resolving the problems. The main characteristic of this style is to save own right and be respectful to other communicators. The problem solver needs to be good listener first. Problem and grievances of all the members require to be given priority without any bias. At the time of communication, the facial expression and word choice needs to be firm and positive. [12] Previous experience The same communication style was adopted during working in multinational organization in Australia. New group of chairperson joined the organization. Therefore, the employees were unwilling to accept the organizational change. The team member and the employees had to accept new rules and regulations. New measurement of work performance, organization process was set. A communication gap was created between the top management and the employees. A sensitive position had been taken to mitigate the gap. [13] 3. Importance of networking in achieving organizational goal Network in an organization is a group of employees, who work together to achieve a common organizational goal. Three form of networking are observed in an organization. Operational networking, personal networking and strategic networking are different form of networking. Figure: Different types of networking (Source: Machin, 2014) The purpose of the operational networking is engaging team member into work process to work efficiently. Building up strong relation with co-workers is key behavior of operational networking. Stakeholders such as both internal and external members are involved in the operational network. Internal members are employees of different department in the organization, team members of management and external stakeholders are customers, suppliers and distributors. The allocated task for each member signifies clear criteria for membership in the network. After building relationship, everybody works to achieve a common organizational goal. In the operational networking, trust between management and stakeholders is one of the important aspect. The external stakeholders help the organization to identify potential opportunity and threats in the market. [14] The purpose of personal networking is enhancing personal skill along with the professional skill. The high performers of the personal networking have characteristics such as work diversity, awareness about own capabilities and abilities of other team member, dynamic nature, investment of time and effort to enhance relationship in the network. The formal network has structured process of meeting. In the informal network, the relationship with the colleagues is built up overtime. The network highlights several information regarding facts, issues about the internal and external work environment that affect performance of organization. In the strategic network, future risks and challenges are given priority. It focuses on valuable relationship with the organization, which can help in organizational development. Figure: Strategic networking framework (Source: Darbi et al. 2016) Strategic networking focuses on the needs of the organization considering what resources the organization has. After making analysis of gaps in access information and required resources, a plan is built. The plan is about relationship portfolio. The relationship portfolio helps to identify the relationship, which values most to the organization. The value of relationship is determined based on relative contribution of the stakeholders and their interest on the organization. The network identifies weak relation and strong relation. Further analysis is done to improve network and resource allocation in the organization. Strategic networking requires substantial effort of the manager, who can devote time and effort to build effective relationship with the stakeholders and the team members. For a new manager and leader, formulation of strategic networking is comparatively difficult. [15] The operational networking is suggested for the JKL industries. Collaborative work gets first priority in this networking. In order to implement the networking in the organization, the manager requires good problem solving skills, information-gathering skills. Interpersonal communication skill is another important requirement. This skill is required to communicate organizational information with the employees and tem members. The manager needs to have skill to gather relevant information, which can lead to the organization development in future. Relationship needs to build considering both short term and long term goal. [16] Previous experience In the previous company, strategic networking was applied. The previous company belongs to the same industry in which JKL operates. During the working period, the company faced loss in the production. Therefore, strategic networking was taken. As immediate fund was needed in that company, relation with new venture capitalists was built. The venture capitalists helped by providing funds and also in strategy formulation. Good relation with suppliers helped the company in crisis period. They provided raw materials in credit for months. Social networking was used to build business relationship. The loss-making period lasted for few months. A consultant was recruited to overcome that situation. The team members were motivated to stay in the company. Collaborative work, diligences of the employees brought the company back on the track. After a few months, the company started to regain the profit. 4. Networking plan Networking activity Person Schedule Rationale for networking activity Meeting with the key suppliers with whom Sam has issues. Sam 1st month This meeting would help both the sales person and the suppliers in addressing the issues. The meeting would be doe in the presence of manager. The sales person can communicate with the suppliers about the delayed devilry date ad about unwillingness to keep the cost down. Building good relationship with the customers by increasing the values Sam 1st to 3rd month For the benefit of the organization, good relationship with the customers is necessary. Aggressive attitude towards the suppliers may hamper the business. The customers need to make realized that JKL values the need of customers and the delay in supply is unintended. The networking can mitigate the communication gap between the customers and suppliers. The management needs to use their emotional intelligence in formation of networking. Collaboration with new suppliers Sam 3rd month The new supplier may be more reliable for the sales man. New relation improves the supply chain of the company. Removing communication gap with the customers Alex 1st to 2nd month Alex has issue with the understanding of the customers. Alex needs to realise the organizational objective. As a sales person, he needs to understand the specificity of his role and the purpose. He has perception that customers do not understand the deal and assumes them as fool. However, management requires making him realize that keeping positivity is necessary from business perspective. Training of Personal integrity and sustained effort. Alex 2nd to 3rd month The sales person requires motivation to bring positivity in performance. Trust and integrity is important for the networking. Therefore, Alex needs to give effort to build good relation with customers. Lack of communication skill may be a reason that he fails to convince the customers about the products. Conclusion It can be concluded that communication and consultation are essential in an organization as it helps to develop people in an organization. Personal competence needs self awareness and self management to manage a team. It has also been concluded that it is the duty of the management to give training to the employees regarding health and safety. 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